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. 2013 Nov 11;8(11):e79258. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079258

Figure 5. Over-expression of miR-103 transcriptionally hastens the expression of key transcription factors controlling the milk fat synthesis.

Figure 5

Elevated miR-103 expression promotes the expression levels of PPARγ (A), DGAT1(B), ABCA1(C), LXRα (D), ABCG1(E), SREBP-1c(F) FASN (G), and ACACA (H). PPARγ, SREBP-1c, and LXRα are key important transcription factors that regulate nearly the whole milk fat synthesis process in mammary gland epithelial cells. DGAT1(B) and ABCA1(C) are downstream targets of PPARγ (A); ABCG1(E) is downstream target of LXRα (D); FASN (G) and ACACA (H) are downstream targets of SREBP-1c (F). Gene expression in Ad(control)-infected, Ad-miR-103-infected, and uninfected GMEC was assessed at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. qRT-PCR measurement of gene expression expressed as fold change compared to their respective level at 0 h, normalized to 1. Columns, average of 12 experiments; bars, SEM. *, p<0.05. PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; LXRα,nuclear oxysterol receptorα;other gene symbols were listed in Table 1.