TABLE 3.
Means, variance, and group differences for performance on neuropsychological measures by cognitive status
| Mean | SD | Levene’s Test |
Independent sample |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | HC | MI | HC | MI | F | p-value | t | p-value | Cohen’ s d |
Effect size r |
| TICS-M Score | 36.50 | 32.07 | 6.27 | 3.47 | 0.49 | ns | 2.52 | 0.02 | 0.77 | 0.36 |
| MMSE Score | 28.80 | 26.60 | 1.28 | 2.32 | 10.81 | <0.01 | 3.51 | <0.01 | 1.38 | 0.57 |
| HVLT-R Total | 27.20 | 17.80 | 4.42 | 4.93 | 0.14 | ns | 6.95 | <0.01 | 2.07 | 0.72 |
| HVLT-R Delay | 9.83 | 3.00 | 1.77 | 2.24 | 1.13 | ns | 12.15 | <0.01 | 3.61 | 0.87 |
| WMS LMI | 45.76 | 28.60 | 8.34 | 7.95 | 0.07 | ns | 7.00 | <0.01 | 2.08 | 0.72 |
| WMS LMII | 28.67 | 13.47 | 6.33 | 8.30 | 2.02 | ns | 7.47 | <0.01 | 2.22 | 0.74 |
| COWA Total | 16.39 | 13.00 | 4.39 | 3.98 | 0.47 | ns | 2.21 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.14 |
| Category Fluency | 20.76 | 16.13 | 5.74 | 5.10 | 0.01 | ns | 2.78 | <0.01 | 0.83 | 0.38 |
| BNT Total Score | 14.67 | 13.80 | 0.56 | 1.15 | 12.7 | <0.01 | 2.84 | 0.01 | 1.18 | 0.51 |
| Rey–Osterrieth | 29.53 | 25.03 | 4.89 | 5.21 | 0.71 | ns | 3.05 | <0.01 | 0.91 | 0.41 |
| Score Trails A | ||||||||||
| Time Trails B | 33.57 | 45.07 | 11.93 | 10.97 | 0.18 | ns | −3.31 | <0.01 | 0.98 | 0.44 |
| Time WAIS | 85.95 | 128.45 | 43.45 | 62.69 | 2.37 | ns | −2.93 | <0.01 | 0.87 | 0.40 |
| Digit Span Ruff | 18.74 | 16.33 | 4.66 | 3.81 | 1.01 | ns | 1.81 | ns | 0.54 | 0.26 |
| Accuracy | 94.26 | 73.87 | 16.64 | 27.98 | 7.61 | <0.01 | 2.67 | 0.02 | 1.02 | 0.46 |
| GDS | 4.43 | 6.47 | 5.02 | 6.76 | 1.60 | ns | −1.25 | ns | 0.37 | 0.18 |
Note: HC, Healthy Control Group (N = 46); MI, Memory Impaired Group (N = 15); TICSM, Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; HVLT-R, Revised Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; WMS LM= Wechsler Memory Scale Logical Memory Subscale; COWA, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; ns, Not significant at .05 level; Levene’s test examined the homogeneity of variance between the Normal and Impaired groups; significant tests suggest unequal variance between groups. Independent samples t-tests compared group differences in mean on each variable. Where Levene’s test was significant, a t-test with adjusted degrees of freedom was used; Cohen’s D and Effect size r were adjusted for different sample sizes and the absolute value is presented.