Figure 3. Effect of line spacing with low contrast text.

Reading speed (wpm) for single- versus double-line spacing (bottom panels) and single- versus triple-line spacing (top panels) for text passages with single-, double- or triple-character word spacing. Results shown are for text with a Michelson letter contrast of 17.5%. The individual data points in each panel show the results for each participant; the diagonal line in each panel is the ‘line of no effect’.