Table 3. Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals representing the odds of a CVD diagnosis per 1 unit increase in log transformed urinary tungsten (expressed as µg per mg of urinary creatinine) for NHANES participants less than 75 years of age or less than 50 years of age.
| Age Range in NHANES Included | ||||
| 18–74 years | 18–50 years | |||
| Model | CVD Cases (Controls) | Odds ratio | CVD Cases (Controls) | Odds ratio |
| Crude | 445 (7,648) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34)* | 63 (4,779) | 0.94 (0.67–1.31) |
| Adjusteda | 145 (3,711) | 1.11 (0.86–1.43) | 28 (2,474) | 0.92 (0.56–1.52) |
| Adjustedb | 157 (3,989) | 1.16 (0.93–1.47) | 31 (2,627) | 0.99 (0.64–1.55) |
| Males only | 114 (2,121) | 1.09 (0.80–1.49) | 16 (1,297) | Insufficient cases |
| Females only | 43 (1,868) | 1.16 (0.76–1.77) | 12 (1,177) | Insufficient cases |
a
The adjusted models include age, sex, ethnicity, SES, smoking, alcohol consumption, occupation, BMI, hypertenstion, hypercholesterolemia, molybdenum and cobalt concentration as covariates.
b
In this model all urinary tungsten measures were included, including the 503 individuals with a concentration below the lowest detectable limit.
Statistical significance is denoted by * representing P<0.05.