Figure 2. Influence of chicoric acid on ROS accumulation in L6 myotubes after induction of oxidative stress by glucose or palmitate.

A: Cells were cultured in the absence (control) or presence of glucose (25 mM) or palmitate (50 µM) for 5 days before measurement of intracellular ROS level. Intracellular ROS level is expressed as the ratio of fluorescence determined in control conditions. Fig. 2B–C illustrate the effect of CA (5, 25 or 50 µM) added for the indicated time after glucose (B) or palmitate (C) 5-day treatments. ROS accumulation corresponds to the ratio of fluorescence measured at the indicated time versus fluorescence at time 0. Values are means ± SEM (n = 3); significantly different from control at *p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p<0.001.