TNF-α and IL-1β regulate CFTR expression via the actions of miR-509–3p and miR-494. (A) CFTR mRNA concentrations were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in polarized Calu-3 cells, 8 hours after cytokine stimulation. Cultures were transfected with oligonucleotides 10 days before cytokine stimulation (n = 4, four replicates each). (B) CFTR immunoblot in pretransfected Calu-3 cells, 8 hours after PBS or TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation. Densitometry and relative fold change of CFTR protein abundance (n = 4, four replicates each) were determined. Immunoblotting was rearranged to suit the presentation order. Changes in (C) conductance (Gt) and (D) transepithelial current (It) were measured in polarized Calu-3 cells with the indicated treatments (n = 4). Basal transepithelial resistance range, 294–415 ohms · cm2; It range, 39–63 microamperes · cm2. All error bars indicate the mean ± SE. Statistical significance was determined by the Student t test. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01. ***P < 0.001. NS, not statistically significant.