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. 2013 Nov 12;7:179. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00179

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Copyright © 2013 Viemari, Garcia, Doi, Elsen and Ramirez.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Sighs are spontaneously generated in freely breathing mouse preparation. (A1) Intercostal EMG activity recording in an anesthetized freely breathing mouse. Sigh is generally triggered and preceded by an inspiratory burst of fictive eupneic activity. Histograms summarize the differences between spontaneous sighs and fictive respiratory activity, in amplitude (A2), frequency (A3), and duration (A4). (^*p < 0.05, n = 8). (B) Trace of integrated intercostal EMG activity (∫EMG) during control and after injection of isoproterenol into the preBötC (30 μM). (C–E) Histograms show the effects of isoproterenol on sigh frequency (C) duration (D) and on eupnea frequency (E) (ns: not significant, ^*p < 0.05, n = 4–8).