Table 2.
Clinical Phenotype of Probands Reported in Literature with CHD2 Deletions or Mutations
Reference |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capelli et al.18 | Dhamija et al.19 | Veredice et al.20 | Li et al.21 | Lund et al.22 | Rauch et al.14 | Carvill et al.16 | Allen et al.17 | |
Number of individuals | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
Genetic findings | de novo 0.5 Mb deletion including CHD2 and RGMA | de novo 0.9 Mb deletion including CHD2 and three other genes | de novo 5 Mb deletion including CHD2 and 55 other genes | 3.3 Mb deletion including CHD2 and 17 other genes (no segregation analysis) | 2 Mb deletion including CHD2 and seven other genes. Also carried five additional deletions and duplications, including a total of 100 genes (paternal DNA not available) | de novo frameshift mutation c.1809 del (p.Thr604Leufs∗19) | four de novo frameshift and two de novo missense alterations: p.Glu1412Glyfs∗64, p.Arg121∗, p.Gly491Valfs∗13, p.Arg1644Lysfs∗22, p.Trp548Arg, p.Leu823Pro | de novo splice mutation c.1502+1G>A |
Age at seizure onset | 2 years | 3.5 years | 6 months | not specified | 4 years | 5 years | 1–3 years | 6 months |
Seizure type at onset | not specified | CPSs | febrile generalized clonic SE | two episodes of FSs | atypical ASs, MSs | ASs | atypical ASs, AtSs, MSs, GTCSs, FSs, FDSs | unknown |
Further seizure types | not specified | therapy-resistant ASs with eyelid flutter, TSs, MSs, GTCSs | therapy-resistant massive MSs with head drop, eyelid MSs, prolonged hemiclonic FSs | none | TSs, MSs, atypical ASs, nonconvulsive SE | not specified | FSs, AtSs, MSs, GTCSs, NCS, SE, TSs, HSs, FDSs, MAs, atypical ASs | MSs, FDSs, GTCSs, atypical ASs, AtSs |
Fever sensitivity | not specified | no | yes | yes | no | not specified | one patient | no |
EEG | generalized spike waves and focal discharges | generalized spike waves, PPR | irregular generalized spike waves, PPR | not specified | generalized slow spike waves and runs of fast spikes | not specified | generalized (poly)spike waves, slow spike waves, multifocal discharges, generalized paroxysmal fast activity, diffuse slowing | slow background, generalized spike waves |
MRI | normal | normal | vermis hypoplasia, cisterna magna | normal | partial agenesis of vermis | unknown | unknown | normal |
Development prior to epilepsy | not specified | delayed | delayed | delayed | delayed | delayed | normal or delayed | normal |
Developmental outcome | globally delayed, severe speech impairment | mild ID | mild ID | mild to moderate ID, speech impairment | severe ID | mild ID | moderate to severe ID | unspecified delay |
Other clinical findings | ataxia, relative microcephaly, mild facial dysmorphisms | microcephaly, short stature, mild facial dysmorphisms | microcephaly, congenital hypothyroidism, bicuspid aortic valve, hypotonia | microcephaly, short stature, mild facial dysmorphisms | short stature, hypertelorism, epicantal fold, micropenis, single palmar creases | Duane anomaly |
Abbreviations are as follows: AS, absence seizure; AtS, atonic seizure; CPS, complex partial seizure; FDS, focal dyscognitive seizure; FS, febrile seizure; GTCS, generalized tonic-clonic seizure; HS, hemiclonic seizure; ID, intellectual disability; MA, myoclonic absence; MS, myoclonic seizure; NCS, nonconvulsive status epilepticus; PPR, photo paroxysmal response; SE, status epilepticus; and TS, tonic seizure.