TABLE 1.
Complications Reported in Humans After ART, With Selected References
| Complications | Reference | |
|---|---|---|
| Obstetric | Multiple pregnancy | (Vitthala et al., 2009; Prevention CfDCa, 2011) |
| Pre-eclampsia | (Jackson et al., 2004) | |
| Placenta abnormalities | ||
| Placenta previa | (Jackson et al., 2004; Romundstad et al. 2006) | |
| Placenta abruption | (Shevell et al., 2005) | |
| Abnormal cord insertion | ||
| Cesarean delivery | ||
| Pre-term delivery | (Helmerhorst et al., 2004; Jackson et al., 2004; de Rooij et al., 2011; McDonald et al., 2010) | |
| Perinatal | Low or very low birth weight | (Ceelen et al., 2008a) |
| Birth defects & malformations | (Hansen et al., 2002) | |
| Anotia, microtia | (Reefhuis et al., 2009) | |
| Septal heart defects | ||
| Cleft lip and/or palate | ||
| Esophageal atresia | ||
| Anorectal atresia | ||
| Hypospadia | ||
| Craniosynostosis | ||
| Congenital malformations | (Davies MJ et al., 2012) | |
| Cardiovascular malformations | ||
| Musculoskeletal malformations | ||
| Urogenital malformations | ||
| Gastrointestinal malformations | ||
| Respiratory defects | ||
| Metabolic defects | ||
| Pediatric | Cerebral palsy and neurological sequelae | (Stromberg et al., 2002; Hvidtjorn et al., 2009) |
| Chromosomal anomalies | ||
| Imprinting disorders | (Manipalviratn et al., 2009) | |
| Angelman syndrome | ||
| Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome | ||
| Cancer | (Kallen et al., 2010) | |
| Hepatoblastoma | (McLaughlin et al., 2006) | |
| Retinoblastoma | (Moll et al., 2003) | |
| Leukemia | (Petridou et al., 2012) | |
| Metabolic discrepancies | (Ceelen et al., 2007; Ceelen et al., 2008a; Ceelen et al., 2009) | |
| Higher systolic & diastolic blood pressure | ||
| Elevated fasting glucose | ||
| Increased peripheral fat deposition | ||
| Trending altered bone mineral density | ||
| Trending increases in total body fat | ||