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Signaling pathways underlying PAT-induced p62-mediated pro-survival effects in HaCaT cells. PAT exposure led to a reduction of lysosomal enzyme CTSB and CTSD activity, which in turn caused autophagosome degradation inhibition and p62 accumulation. The accumulation of p62 resulted in ROS generation, followed by cytoprotective ER stress response. The cytoprotective effects of p62-mediated ER stress were associated with ERK1/2-dependent BAD inhibitory phosphorylation
