Table 4.
Dose response relationship of the urinary cadmium (4 levels) and renal dysfunction biomarkers of the subjects
| Cadmium | N | KIM-1 | NAG | β2-MG |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (μg/g Cr) | (pg/g Cr) | (U/g Cr) | (μg/g Cr) | |
| Men | ||||
| < 2 | 13 | 513.9 (2.2) | 4.0 (2.2) | 137.1 (5.0) |
| 2–4.99 | 67 | 686.8 (2.2) | 4.5 (1.8) | 266.2 (9.4) |
| 5–9.99 | 118 | 863.2 (2.2)* | 5.0 (1.7) | 345.0 (8.9) |
| ≥ 10 | 62 | 1211.2 (2.1)** | 7.5 (2.0)** | 721.3 (10.5)* |
| Women | ||||
| < 2 | 23 | 711.9 (2.0) | 3.8 (2.1) | 61.4 (3.4) |
| 2–4.99 | 95 | 922.4 (2.2) | 5.1 (1.8) | 175.1 (5.6)* |
| 5–9.99 | 201 | 1040.9 (2.2) | 5.5 (1.7)* | 160.9 (5.9)* |
| ≥ 10 | 121 | 1269.4 (2.4)** | 7.1 (1.9)*** | 294.8 (6.7)*** |
N: number of subjects; KIM-1: kidney injury molecule-1; NAG: N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase; β2-MG: β2−microglobulin.
*P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001: significant different from the subjects group with cadmium concentrations below 2 μg/gCr (Dunnet T test for post hock).
Values of renal markers represent geometrical mean (geometrical standard deviation).