Table 2.

Meta-analysis results from two-way analysis of variance for remission for all trials of at least moderate quality. Electrical stimulation tended to be inferior to control, while biofeedback was superior to control. The combination therapy BF + ES was superior to both monotherapies

Comparison	RR	95 % CI	p
ES vs. control	0.47	0.13–1.72	0.25
BF vs. control	2.35	1.33–4.16	0.0033
BF + ES vs. BF	2.12	1.42–3.16	0.00022
BF + ES vs. ES	22.97	1.81–291.69	0.016

Heterogeneity τ² < 0.0001 (95% CI: 0.00–0.25; p = 0.4830). The meta-analysis included six trials: [71, 76] compared only two modes of BF; [77] did not report data on remission.

RR relative risk, CI confidence interval, ES Electrical stimulation, BF biofeedback