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. 2013 Oct 2;47(21):12248–12257. doi: 10.1021/es403635j

Table 1. Summary of Non-Zero Effect Factors (EF) [Species-eq/m2] and Characterization Factors (CF) [Species-eq·yr/m3] for Waterbirds, Non-Residential Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles (All with Presence Categories 1–3) and Water-Dependent Mammals (Based on EOO), Based on the Area of the Ramsar Sitesa.

  EF [species-eq/m2]
CF [species-eq·yr/m3]
  SW GW SW GW
waterbirds min 3.2 × 10–14 3.1 × 10–13 1.6 × 10–15 5.0 × 10–15
waterbirds max 1.6 × 10–05 1.8 × 10–06 1.1 × 10–05 2.1 × 10–07
waterbirds mean 3.6 × 10–08 1.8 × 10–08 1.2 × 10–08 4.2 × 10–09
CV 19 8 28 5
nonresidents min 1.5 × 10–15 1.4 × 10–13 5.3 × 10–17 6.9 × 10–15
nonresidents max 9.1 × 10–06 1.5 × 10–06 2.2 × 10–07 3.0 × 10–06
nonresidents mean 1.9 × 10–08 1.6 × 10–08 1.2 × 10–09 2.1 × 10–08
CV 18 7 8 11
water-dep. mammals min 8.9 × 10–16 5.0 × 10–15 3.5 × 10–17 1.2 × 10–16
water-dep. mammals max 2.0 × 10–06 2.0 × 10–07 3.3 × 10–08 5.3 × 10–08
water-dep. mammals mean 2.4 × 10–09 2.5 × 10–09 1.3 × 10–10 4.8 × 10–10
CV 26 7 10 9
wetland reptiles min 2.74 × 10–16 8.54 × 10–15 1.22 × 10–17 4.63 × 10–17
wetland reptiles max 4.37 × 10–07 1.13 × 10–05 5.11 × 10–07 9.53 × 10–07
wetland reptiles mean 8.69 × 10–10 7.69 × 10–08 6.18 × 10–10 7.58 × 10–09
CV 16 12 26 10
amphibians min 1.17 × 10–15 5.32 × 10–15 4.38 × 10–17 5.82 × 10–16
amphibians max 6.47 × 10–05 7.71 × 10–07 4.56 × 10–05 9.56 × 10–08
amphibians mean 8.50 × 10–08 1.23 × 10–08 4.58 × 10–08 1.75 × 10–09
CV 24 5 31 5
combined taxa min 1.58 × 10–13 9.34 × 10–13 2.33 × 10–15 1.57 × 10–14
combined taxa max 8.07 × 10–05 1.15 × 10–05 5.68 × 10–05 3.27 × 10–06
combined taxa mean 1.43 × 10–07 1.26 × 10–07 6.01 × 10–08 3.51 × 10–08
CV 19 8 29 8
a

The last lines show combined (summed) EFs and CFs, assuming the same weight for all species. CV is the coefficient of variation.