Table 3.

Description of Response Themes

Theme	Description	Sample Response
Colorblindness	Claiming not to see or acknowledge racial or ethnic differences in people	“I forget that you’re Korean because you’re my kids and I don’t see color.”
Ethnic Socialization Activities	Explicit or extrinsic efforts to transmit the adopted child’s ethnic culture	“We eat Korean food sometimes and we have Korean stuff hanging on our walls…”
Racial/Ethnic Identity	Discussions about adoptees’ racial/ethnic identity or what it means to live as a racial minority	“Well, I mean, you’re not Asian, but you’re not White, so you’re kinda…”
Racial Socialization or Preparation for Bias	Teaching or preparing children to respond to experiences with racial prejudice/discrimination	“Just ignore it. Be a bigger person. It doesn’t matter.”
Child-Choice	Placing the responsibility on the child to lead in ethnic/racial socialization	“We tried…last year we went to that Korean restaurant but you didn’t even come with us to that.”