Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study participants
| WND patients (n = 108) |
Controls (n = 90) |
p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| treatment naive N = 38 |
treated N = 70 |
all | ||||
| Age, years; median (IQR) | 28.5 (16.0) | 30.5 (15.0) | 30.0 (15.0) | 41.5 (29.5) |
a < 0.0001 b < 0.0001 c < 0.000004 d < 0.3 |
|
| Women/men; n (%) |
19/19 (50/50) |
36/34 (51/49) |
55/53 (51/49) |
60/30 (67/33) |
a < 0.07 b < 0.5 c < 0.02 d < 0.9 |
|
| Serum copper, μg/dL; median [IQR] | 45.5 [37.0] | 23.5 [46.0] | 33.5 [51.0] | 111.0 [33.0] |
a < 0.000000 b < 0.000000 c < 0.000000 d < 0.003 |
|
| Serum ceruloplasmin, mg/dl; median [IQR] | 9.2[13.6] | 5.4[10.9] | 5.7 [11.4] | 34.3[10.8] |
a < 0.000000 b < 0.000000 c < 0.000000 d < 0.04 |
|
Reference range values: ceruloplasmin: 25–45 mg/dl; copper: 70–140 μg/dl. p values were determined with χ2 test or the Mann–Whitney U test as appropriate, p value in the last column is given for the following comparisons: a—treatment naive WND and controls, b—WND patients on treatment and controls, c—all WND patients and controls, d—WND patients treatment naive and WND patients on treatment
WND Wilson’s disease, IQR interquartile range