Table 3.
The Adjusted* Associations of Chronic Hypertension, Life Stress, Pregnancy Stress and any one of Life and Pregnancy Stress with the Risk of Preeclampsia Among the Whole Sample.
| Variable | Preeclampsia n(%) |
No Preeclampsia n(%) |
OR(95%CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life stress | |||||
| Low | 345(9.1) | 3460(90.9) | 1.0 | -- | |
| High | 79(15.5) | 430(84.5) | 2.1(1.5–2.8) | 1.6×10−6 | |
| Pregnancy stress | |||||
| Low | 310(9) | 3126(91) | 1.0 | -- | |
| High | 114(13) | 764(87) | 1.6(1.3–2.1) | 1.8×10−4 | |
| Either life or pregnancy stress | |||||
| Low | 301(8.9) | 3063(91.1) | 1.0 | -- | |
| High | 123(12.9) | 827(87.1) | 1.6(1.3–2.1) | 1.5×10−4 | |
| Chronic hypertension | |||||
| No | 318(7.7) | 3787(92.3) | 1.0 | -- | |
| Yes | 106(50.7) | 103(49.3) | 10.9(7.7–14.6) | 4.9×10−46 | |
*
Covariates included maternal ethnicity, maternal active and passive smoking during pregnancy, maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, drug use and alcohol use. Additionally, chronic hypertension was included as a covariate when the associations of life stress, pregnancy stress and either one with preeclampsia were analyzed; life stress and pregnancy stress were included as covariates when the associations of chronic hypertension with preeclampsia were analyzed.