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Mechanisms of action of the lncRNAs. Two possible mechanisms are depicted. First, the lncRNAs act on the cis, affecting the same gene that encodes them. Second, lncRNAs act on the trans, controlling the transciption of genes encoded in other genomic regions. In this case, the lncRNAs can also act as a scaffold to link several transcriptionally involved proteins or the lncRNAs can directly bind to the DNA to recruit transcriptional factors.
