Table 1.

Non-coding RNA types

Type	Sub Type	Symbol	Size (nt)	Localization	Function	References
Long non-coding RNA	Natural Antisence	NATS or aRNA	~110-130	Cytoplasm	Regulates protein localization, mRNA translation and stability	(Mercer & Mattck, 2013, Carrieri et al., 2012, Gong & Maquat, 2011, Willingham et al., 2005)
	Long Intronic RNA	lintRNA*	200 to ~100.000	Nucleus/Cytoplasm	Epigenetic modulator, histone modification, DNA modification	(Mercer & Mattick, 2013, Rinn et al., 2007)
	Long intergenic non-coding RNAs	lincRNA	200 to ~100.000	Nucleus	Epigenetic modulator, histone modification, DNA modification	(Khalil et al., 2009, Mercer & Mattick, 2013, Tsai et al., 2010)
Short non-coding RNA	Small cytoplasmic	scRNA	~60-120	Cytoplasm	Structure Ribonucleoproteins	(Verhagen & Pruijn, 2011, Selvakumar et al., 2012, Perreault et al., 2007)
	Small nuclear RNA	snRNA	~150	Nucleus	RNA biogenesis and processing	(West, 2012)
	Small nucleolar RNA	snoRNA	~130	Nucleous	Chemically modify, mature, and stabilize rRNAs, Regulate alternative splicing	(Terns & Terns, 2002, Cavaille & Bachellere, 1998, Kishore et al., 2010)
	MicroRNA	miRNA	17-25	Cytoplasm	Post-transcriptional control protein expression	(Kim et al., 2009)
	PIWI-interacting RNAs	piRNA	25–33	Cytoplasm	Transposon silencing, heterochromatin modification in germinal cells	(Siomi et al., 2011, Pillai & Chuma, 2012)
	MicroRNA offset	moRNA	~20	Cytoplasm	Functonal regulators of protein expression (hypothetical)	(Shi et al., 2009, Umbach et al., 2010)
	5'-capped promoter-associated small RNAs	PASRS	30-35	Nucleus	Functional regulators of gene transcription (hypothetical)	(Affymetrix ENCODE Transcriptome Project, 2009)
	Small Interfering RNAs	siRNA	21-23	Cytoplasm	Regulate post-transcriptional expression	(Xia et al., 2013, Lejeune & Allshire, 2011)

^*lintRNA is not the official acronym, use here to simplify text. Stand for Long intronic RNA