TABLE 3.

Pregnancy history, clinical characteristics, and serum homocysteine levels

Parameter	Beta coefficient	% difference	P value
Normotensive pregnancy (vs nulliparous)	−0.0633	−6.1	.005
Hypertensive pregnancy (vs normotensive)	0.0435	4.5	.015
Race			.001
Non-Hispanic, white	ref
Hispanic	−0.0876	−8.4	< .001
Non-Hispanic, black	−0.0293	−2.9	.07
Age, per 10 y	0.1022	10.8	< .001
Education level			.032
High school graduate or GED (12 y)	ref
<High school education (≤8 y)	0.0515	5.3	.017
Partial high school education (9-11 y)	0.0651	6.7	.011
>High school education (>12 y)	0.0164	1.7	.22
Ever smoked	0.0454	4.6	< .001
Current hypertension	0.0727	7.5	< .001
Diabetes	0.0352	3.6	.028
Log (BMI)	0.0520	5.3	.12
Dyslipidemia	0.0048	0.5	.74
Statins	−0.0116	−1.2	.49
Hormone replacement therapy	−0.0704	−6.8	< .001
Family history of hypertension	−0.0175	−1.7	.25
Family history of coronary heart disease	0.0153	1.5	.29
Intercept	1.4255		< .001

Data show linear regression results for serum homocysteine analyzed as continuous variable and adjusted for several covariates. Models were fit with generalized estimating equations to account for sibling relationships. For categorical variables, negative estimate indicates that homocysteine is lower in comparison group than in reference group. For continuous variables, positive estimate indicates that homocysteine is higher for each increase in specified units (ie, homocysteine is higher with each 10-y age increase). As homocysteine was modeled with log transformation, percent difference in homocysteine values is also shown.

BMI, body mass index; GED, general educational development; ref, reference.