Table 1.

Assessment list used for measuring the quality of the 33 studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria consisting of 14 domains in six different categories as proposed by Hayden et al. [18]

Category	Category description	Domain	Domain description
A	Study participation/population of interest	1	Source population clearly defined
		2	Study population described (demographics)
		3	Study population represents population of interest (low-velocity extremity fractures, associated injuries, hand/feet fractures excluded)
B	Study attrition/followup	4	Completeness of followup described
		5	Completeness of followup adequate (> 75% of study population for at least 6 months)
C	Factor of interest measurement	6	Factor of interest defined in study participants to sufficiently limit potential bias (information on whether antibiotics were given)
		7	Factor of interest measured appropriately (adequate information on type, duration, and route of antibiotics administration)
D	Confounding factors measurement and account	8	Confounding factors described (type of gun used, type of treatment, comorbidities)
		9	Confounding factors accounted for (type of gun used, type of treatment, comorbidities)
E	Outcome measurement	10	Outcome measure defined
		11	Outcome measured appropriately (infection rate provided)
F	Results analysis	12	Analysis described
		13	Analysis appropriate (information on superficial and deep infection provided separately)
		14	Analysis provides sufficient presentation of data