Fig. 2A–B.

(A) The femoral component rotations in the patient-specific instrument group were determined preoperatively based on anatomic landmarks. (B) Intraoperative cross checks on the femoral component rotations were performed using the gap-balancing technique. The gravity traction method was used for gap balancing, which was used in the same manner as that for the conventional instrument group. The rectangular flexion gap was estimated using a custom-made ladder.