Fig. 1.

Comparison of the influences of 7-ketocholesterol (10 ug/ml) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (10 ug/ml) on human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) barrier functions (48 h). a, b The effect of 7-ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol on impedance of HAEC in real-time cell electric impedance sensing system. a n = 12, from 4 independent experiments, mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, nCI normalized cell index, unst unstimulated cells, 7-kCH 7-ketocholesterol, 25-OHCH 25-hydroxycholesterol, EtOH 1 % ethanol 1 %. b Representative plot from real-time cell electric impedance sensing system, each line represents the mean of 3 wells of each condition, red line unstimulated cells, green line 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced cells, blue line 7-ketocholesterol-induced cells. c HAEC monolayer morphology in E-16 view plate from RTCA-DP: unstimulated, 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced, and 7-ketocholesterol-induced HAEC; black stars the damage of endothelial monolayer barrier, thin arrow healthy-looking adhering endothelial cells, thick arrow round-shaped non adhering endothelial cells (light microscope, ×100)