Fig. 3.

Comparison of the influence of 7-ketocholesterol (10 ug/ml) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (10 ug/ml) on intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell barrier functions (48 h). a, b The effect of 7-ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol on impedance of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells in real-time cell electric impedance sensing system. a n = 12, from 4 independent experiments, mean ± SEM; *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, nCI normalized cell index, unst unstimulated cells, 7-kCH 7-ketocholesterol, 25-OHCH 25-hydroxycholesterol, EtOH 1 % ethanol 1 %. b Representative plot from real-time cell electric impedance sensing system, each line represents the mean of 3 wells of each condition, red line unstimulated cells, green line 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced cells, blue line 7-ketocholesterol-induced cells. c Caco-2 cell monolayer morphology in E-16 view plate from RTCA-DP: unstimulated, 25-hydroxycholesterol-induced and 7-ketocholesterol-induced HAEC, thick arrow round-shaped non-adhering epithelial cells; (light microscope, ×100)