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. 2013 Oct 9;2(10):e65. doi: 10.1038/emi.2013.65

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Decreased epithelial cell membrane ruffling and Rac1 GTPase activation in response to C. jejuni flpA mutant strains synthesizing FlpA with altered FBLM residues. (A) Representative scanning electron micrographs of INT 407 cell membrane ruffles stimulated in response to infection with C. jejuni strains: (a) cells only; (b) C. jejuni F38011 wild-type strain; (c) C. jejuni flpA mutant; (d) C. jejuni flpA complement; (e) C. jejuni flpA Δ158–164; (f) C. jejuni flpAP160A D161C; (g) C. jejuni ciaC mutant. The number of cells exhibiting membrane ruffles is indicated as a percentage of total cells (×7000 magnification, scale bar=10 µm). Boxes within images ‘a' through ‘g' indicate the magnified area shown adjacent to the right ‘a-1' through ‘g-1' (×50 000 magnification, scale bar=2 µm). Arrowheads indicate C. jejuni. (B) Rac1-GTP production in INT 407 cells infected with C. jejuni. INT 407 cells were infected with C. jejuni F38011 wild-type strain, C. jejuni flpA mutant, C. jejuni flpA complement, C. jejuni flpA Δ158–164 and C. jejuni flpA P160A D161C. Activated Rac1 (GTP bound) in lysates from infected cells was measured by G-LISA and expressed as relative optical density. Means and standard deviation of total Rac1-GTP are plotted. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA using Tukey's post-test (*P<0.05).