Table 1.
Effect of ultra-pure water-cultured-red mold dioscorea (UPW-RMD) and deep ocean water (DOW)-RMD on body weight, food intake and feed efficiency in male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.
| Groups | Initial body weight (g) | Final body weight (g) | Weight gain (g) | Calorie intake (kcal/8 weeks) | Food intake (g) | Feed efficiency (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NOR | 463.0 ± 33.9 b | 579.0 ± 37.6 bc | 116.0 ± 20.9 b | 5833.3 ± 125.9 d | 1746.5 ± 37.7 d | 6.8 ± 1.2 a |
| HF | 430.1 ± 37.4 ab | 601.4 ± 42.0 c | 171.3 ± 18.0 de | 5962.7 ± 203.1 bc | 1429.9 ± 48.7 bc | 12.0 ± 1.4 de |
| UPW-R-1X | 428.5 ± 28.1 ab | 605.4 ± 30.2 c | 176.9 ± 22.3 e | 6106.1 ± 143.9 c | 1464.3 ± 34.5 c | 12.7 ± 1.5 e |
| DOW-R-1X | 436.9 ± 18.1 ab | 591.9 ± 23.3 bc | 155.0 ± 12.6 cd | 5858.9 ± 175.1 b | 1405.0 ± 42.0 b | 10.8 ± 0.9 cd |
| DOW-R-2X | 417.5 ± 12.0 ab | 565.8 ± 27.4 b | 148.3 ± 20.7 c | 5956.4 ± 176.4 bc | 1428.4 ± 42.3 bc | 9.8 ± 1.4 bc |
| MS | 410.3 ± 20.8 a | 514.5 ± 23.1 a | 104.3 ± 5.2 ab | 5262.5 ± 264.0 a | 1262.0 ± 63.3 a | 7.9 ± 0.6 ab |
| AK | 413.8 ± 17.0 a | 512.1 ± 26.9 a | 97.4 ± 11.4 a | 5447.3 ± 233.1 a | 1306.3 ± 55.9 a | 6.3 ± 1.2 a |
NOR, normal diet (3.34 kcal/g); HF, high-fat diet (4.17 kcal/g); UPW-R-1X, UPW-RMD powder (1×, 27.81 mg/day 100 g bw) and high-fat diet; DOW-R-1X, DOW-RMD powder (1×, 27.81 mg/day 100 g bw) and high-fat diet; DOW-R-2X, DOW-RMD powder (2×, 55.62 mg/day 100 g bw) and high-fat diet; and high-fat diet; MS, monascin powder (2×, 0.152 mg/day 100 g bw) and high-fat diet; AK, ankaflavin powder (2×, 0.162 mg/day 100 g bw) and high-fat diet. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 8). Mean values within each column with different superscripts are significant difference (p < 0.05).