Table 1.

Summary of female aggression, dominance, and organizational and activational effects of androgen hormones in ‘atypical’ mammals.

species	aggression	dominance	organizational effect	activational effects	facilitative effects	T	A4	comments	references
hyena	F > M	F > M	+	n.a.	n.a.	M > F	F > M		[17,18,21,24]
lemur	F > M	F > M	+	−	n.a.	M > F	M ≅ F	mixed results for activation of aggression and dominance	[49,50,52,53]
marmoset	M ≅ F	F > M	+	−	+	M > F	n.a.		[60–64]
naked mole-rat	F > M	F > M	n.a.	+	n.a.	M > F	n.a.	dominant female appears to suppress subordinate reproductive hormones	[68,69]
Syrian hamster	F > M	F > M	+	−	n.a.	M > F	n.a.	mixed results for gonadal steroid exposure effect on aggression. Photoperiod important as well	[78,81,82]
California mouse	M ≅ F	n.a.	n.a.	+	+	M > F	n.a.	E2/T ratio more important than either hormone alone as contributors influencing baseline aggression	[87,91,92]
rock hyrax	F > M	F > M	n.a.	−	n.a.	F > M	n.a.		[89,90]