Fig. 3.

Results of real-time cell electronic sensing (RT–CES) monitoring of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) incubated with purified immunoglobulin (Ig)G from one representative anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA)-positive and one AECA-negative systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient. Confidence intervals (CI) values from the medium control, one representative AECA-positive pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patient and incubation with 5 nmol/ml staurosporine are also shown. Results are reported in CI values of the HUVECs monitored dynamically every 15 min using the RT–CES™ system.