Figure 1.

Simplified representation of cellular events responsible for apoptosis due to combination of platinum drugs and bortezomib in which DNA damage, ER stress and increase in ROS due to platinum drugs and inactivation of antiapoptotic proteins such as NF-kB by bortezomib lead to apoptosis. L1 and L2 denote the carrier ligands and L3 and L4 denote the leaving groups in CS, CB and OX. In CH1 which has a trans-geometry, L1 and L4 represent the carrier ligands and L2 and L3 represent the leaving groups.