Table 1.
Background characteristics at the first trimester baseline visit.
| Characteristic1 | HIV-negative | HIV-positive | P-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background information | |||
| Gestational Age (wk) | 12.3 ± 2.0 | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 0.14 |
| Age (y) | 25.0 ± 5.3 | 27.3 ± 5.3 | 0.08 |
| Formal education (y) | 7.2 ± 3.7 | 7.5 ± 3.0 | 0.98 |
| Money spent on food/day (TSh)3 | 849 ± 250 | 1023 ± 443 | 0.13 |
| Immunology 4 | |||
| CD4 count (/μl) | – | 454 ± 226 | |
| Anthropometry | |||
| Weight (kg) | 57.8 ± 12.0 | 58.7 ± 11.3 | 0.63 |
| Height (cm) | 155.4 ± 7.1 | 158.0 ± 6.3 | 0.10 |
| Body mass index | 23.9 ± 4.5 | 23.7 ± 4.5 | 0.82 |
| Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) | 19.3 ± 7.3 | 19.0 ± 6.2 | 0.97 |
| Mid-upper arm circumference (cm) | 26.9 ± 3.9 | 26.8 ± 4.0 | 0.83 |
| Body composition | |||
| Total body water (kg)Deuterium | 29.4 ± 4.8 | 30.6 ± 3.7 | 0.20 |
| Total body water (kg)Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis | 28.5 ± 3.3 | 29.2 ± 2.8 | 0.26 |
| Ratio of 200 kHz to 5 kHz Impedance | 0.81 ± 0.02 | 0.81 ± 0.02 | 0.40 |
1
n=49-60;
2
From Wilcoxon rank-sum test;
3
Per household member;
4
n=18 (measured among HIV-infected women only).
TSh = Tanzanian Shilling. At the time of the study, 1 U.S.$ ≈ 1250 Tanzanian Shillings.