Figure 7. Proposed membrane organization on silicon dioxide and graphene.

DOPC headgroups are marked in red, Biotin-PE headgroups in green. (a) Base monolayer and additional bilayer on silicon dioxide in air, (b) single bilayer on graphene in air and (c) monolayer of phospholipids on graphene surrounded by BSA layer under water. Streptavidin can later be bound to the biotinylated headgroups of the phospholipids from solution (d) with BSA and DOPC preventing unspecific binding to the substrate.