Table 1. Socio-demographic, psychosocial and cardiovascular disease risk factors presented by hypertension status.
| Socio-demographic factors: | Hypertension | No hypertension | p-value |
| Number | 461 | 638 | |
| Age in years, mean ± SD | 50.2±11.6 | 38.3±11.2 | <0.001 |
| Gender: men, % | 47.5 | 47.5 | 0.984 |
| Education: ≤7 years, % | 46.2 | 26.9 | <0.001 |
| Employment Status, %: | <0.001 | ||
| Employed | 18.6 | 25.3 | |
| Unemployed | 53.7 | 65.4 | |
| Pensioners | 19.7 | 4.4 | |
| Other | 8.0 | 4.9 | |
| Housing Type, %: | 0.002 | ||
| Built formal unit (private) | 27.2 | 18.9 | |
| Council/core house/hostel | 28.2 | 25.6 | |
| Informal shack/other | 44.6 | 55.5 | |
| % life in urban area, mean ± SD | 65.6±30.5 | 59.2±33.7 | 0.001 |
| Asset Index by tertiles, %: | 0.177 | ||
| 1st (poorest) | 29.7 | 35.4 | |
| 2nd | 34.1 | 33.4 | |
| 3rd (richest) | 36.3 | 31.2 | |
| Psychosocial factors/influences: | |||
| Perceived health status: poor, % | 25.6 | 15.9 | <0.001 |
| Sense of coherence: mean ± SD | 54.6±10.5 | 54.5±10.4 | 0.776 |
| Locus of control: mean ± SD | 18.5±2.9 | 18.9±3.1 | 0.022 |
| Total adverse life events: mean ± SD | 7.7±3.0 | 7.5±2.8 | 0.246 |
| Impact within last 6 months | 3.7±2.9 | 4.1±2.9 | 0.012 |
| Lifetime impact >6 months | 10.5±4.3 | 9.6±4.3 | 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular disease risk factors,% | |||
| Family history of hypertension | 43.8 | 35.9 | 0.058 |
| Lifestyle/behavioural risk factors: | |||
| Smoke: ≥1cigarette/day | 25.0 | 29.1 | 0.455 |
| Problematic alcohol use: CAGE ≥2 | 31.2 | 34.3 | 0.318 |
| Moderate to vigorous activity/week: <150 minutes | 9.4 | 4.9 | 0.006 |
| Anthropometry: | |||
| BMI ≥25 kg/m2, | 66.9 | 51.4 | <0.001 |
| Raised waist circumference | 62.0 | 50.4 | 0.001 |
| Raised waist-to-hip ratio | 62.0 | 42.6 | <0.001 |
| Dysglycaemia: | |||
| Diabetes | 21.3 | 6.6 | <0.001 |
| Impaired glucose tolerance | 15.9 | 7.6 | <0.001 |
| Impaired fasting glucose | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.904 |
| Dyslipidaemia: | |||
| Total cholesterol >5 mmol/l | 34.6 | 17.8 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C <1.2 mmol/l | 55.3 | 64.9 | 0.002 |
| LDL-C >3 mmol/l | 52.2 | 35.9 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides >1.5 mmol/l | 24.8 | 11.1 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C:TC <20% | 21.4 | 14.0 | 0.002 |
Mean, SD are reported for the study sample and not adjusted for the population; Other: comprised of homemakers, students and those receiving disability grants; Raised waist circumference (WHO): men >94 cm; women >80 cm; Raised waist-to-hip ratio (WHO): men >1.0; women >0.85; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol.