Table 1b.
Risk factor analysis for liver transplant recipients compared to transplant-controls.
| Liver transplants recipients | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Cases n = 141 |
Transplant- controls n = 28 |
P-value |
| Male | 10 (71 %) | 18 (64 %) | 0,7 |
| Length of admission after LTx, days (mean) | 27 | 42 | 0,2 |
| Age at PCP symptoms/risk date, years (mean) | 51 | 49 | 0,8 |
| PCP admission, days (median) | 24 (8–120) | - | - |
| Death in relation to PCP | 1 (7 %) | - | - |
| PCP prophylaxis | 0 | 4 (14 %) | 0,3 |
| Immunosuppression | |||
| Tacrolimus | 10 (71 %) | 19 (68 %) | 1 |
| Cyclosporine | 4 (29 %) | 8 (29 %) | 1 |
| Everolimus | 0 (0 %) | 1 (4%) | 1 |
| MMF | 12 (86 %) | 26 (93 %) | 0,6 |
| Corticosteroids | 14 (100 %) | 28 (100 %) | 1 |
| Corticosteroid dosage2, mg/day (median) | 15 | 15,5 | 0,9 |
| High dose corticosteroids3 | 4 (29 %) | 10 (36 %) | 0,7 |
| ≥250 mg prednisolone/day for >2 days | 3 (21 %) | 7 (25 %) | 1 |
| Anti-lymphocyte | 1 (7 %) | 1 (4%) | 1 |
| Rejection | |||
| Graft rejection, total | 4 (29 %) | 7 (25 %) | 1 |
| Graft rejection < 6 months | 3 (21 %) | 7 (25 %) | 1 |
| Last graft rejection to PCP/risk date4, days (median) | 122 (26–226) | 97 (75–135) | 0,3 |
| CMV | |||
| CMV infection prior to PCP/risk date | 3 (21 %) | 2 (7 %) | 0,3 |
| Time from last positive CMV- PCR to PCP/risk date, days (median) | 48 | 76 | 0,6 |
| CMV prophylaxis at PCP symptoms/risk date5 | 9 (64 %) | 16 (57 %) | 0,7 |
| CMV infection concurrent/current with PCP/risk date6 | 4 (29 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0,009 |
| Other | |||
| Diabetes type 1 | 0 | 0 | - |
| Diabetes type 2 | 5 (36 %) | 6 (21 %) | 0,5 |
| Hepatitis C | 1 (7 %) | 1 (4 %) | 1 |
| Charlson co-morbidity index | 0,1 | ||
| 1 | 3 (21 %) | 10 (36 %) | |
| 2 | 6 (43 %) | 3 (11 %) | |
| 6 | 0 (0 %) | 1 (4 %) | |
| Neutropenia | 3 (21 %) | 1 (4%) | 0,1 |
| Blood loss, liters (median), n =14 and 24 | 7,8 | 8,5 | 0,2 |
| Fulminant liver failure | 2 (14 %) | 5 (18%) | 1 |
| Partial organ transplantation | 0 (0 %) | 3 (11 %) | 0,5 |
| ALT (median), n = 13 and n = 25 | 28 (9–172) | 52 (16–287) | 0,2 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (median), n = 13 and 25 | 82 (45–1050) | 163 (34–792) | 0,6 |
Variables expressed as medians are tested by a Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test. LTx = liver transplantation
1
One LTR was diagnosed in 2002 and was not part of the outbreak, but is included in the risk factor analysis.
2
From 30 days prior to presentation of clinical symptoms/risk date.
3
Prednisolone or equivalent corticosteroid dosage of ≥ 20 mg/day given for at least 1 month prior to clinical symptoms.
4
From the time of biopsy.
5
Prescription of valganciclovir within 7 days before PCP/risk date.
6
For transplant-controls, current CMV infection was defined as infection within 2 months before the risk date.