Table 3.

Postoperative pain management (n=128)

	n	%
Without any treatments	66	51.6
PCA (fentanyl, sufentanil, tramadol)	29	22.7
Nonopioids	23	18.0
Weak opioids	16	12.5
Strong opioids	4	3.1

Notes: 5% of participants adopted PCA and temporary analgesics at the same time; 2.9% used two kinds of opioids.

Abbreviation: PCA, patient-controlled analgesia.