Table 4. Influence of the direction of heteroploid cross-pollinations in Jacobaea carniolica on the fitness of the progeny.

Comparison of treatments1	no.2	coefficient ± SE	z- or t- value	p-value3
Seed viability
2x4x ↔ 4x2x	9833/76	−0.02±0.33	−0.08	0.940
2x6x ↔ 6x2x	9982/76	0.45±0.43	1.04	0.299
4x6x ↔ 6x4x	11731/73	−0.02±0.34	−0.05	0.963
Survival of hybrid seedlings
2x4x ↔ 4x2x	279	−0.32±0.34	−0.93	0.352
2x6x ↔ 6x2x	–	–	–	–
4x6x ↔ 6x4x	588	0.44±0.33	1.31	0.190
Time to primary leaf in hybrid seedlings
2x4x ↔ 4x2x	57/33	0.43±0.10	4.31	<0.001
2x6x ↔ 6x2x	–	–	–	–
4x6x ↔ 6x4x	329/66	−0.01±0.06	−0.23	0.816
Size of hybrid seedlings
2x4x ↔ 4x2x	54/34	−2.20±0.50	−4.41	<0.001
2x6x ↔ 6x2x	–	–	–	–
4x6x ↔ 6x4x	327/66	0.68±0.21	3.17	0.002

¹maternal parent is given first;

²number of seeds/hybridogenic seedlings and pollinated plants used in the (generalised) linear mixed-effects models;

³p-values <0.05 are given in bold.