Table 2. Lifetime prevalence of neuroenhancement according to substance categories and study site (N = 6275).
| Institution | ||||
| UZH1 (n = 404) | ETHZ2 (n = 3347) | UniBas3 (n = 2524) | Total (N = 6275) | |
| Prescription drugs | ||||
| Men | 12.6% (13) | 6.6% (135) | 8.3% (86) | 7.3% (234) |
| Women | 12% (36) | 6% (78) | 8.5% (127) | 7.8% (241) |
| Total | 12.1% (49) | 6.4% (213) | 8.4% (213) | 7.6% (475) |
| Drugs of abuse including alcohol | ||||
| Men | 11.7% (12) | 8.5% (174)* | 9.5% (98)** | 8.9% (284)*** |
| Women | 8.3% (25) | 6.3% (81) | 6.6% (98) | 6.6% (204) |
| Total | 9.2% (37) | 7.6% (255) | 7.8% (196) | 7.8% (488) |
| Prescription drugs AND drugs of abuse including alcohol | ||||
| Men | 1.9% (2) | 1.6% (33) | 1.8% (19) | 1.7% (54) |
| Women | 2.3% (7) | 1% (13) | 1.4% (21) | 1.3% (41) |
| Total | 2.2% (9) | 1.4% (46) | 1.6% (40) | 1.5% (95) |
| Prescription drugs OR drugs of abuse including alcohol | ||||
| Men | 22.3% (23) | 13.4% (276)* | 16% (165) | 14.5% (464) |
| Women | 17.9% (54) | 11.3% (145) | 13.7% (204) | 13.1% (404) |
| Total | 19.1% (77) | 12.6% (422) | 14.6% (369) | 13.8% (868) |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001, compared with women.
1
University of Zurich.
2
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich.
3
University of Basel.