Table 4. The extent of the distribution, adaptions and weed status in Australia, North America and Europe of the most common species recorded in five or more of the 13 studies on seed from cars.

Species	Shade tolerance	Widely distributed	Benefits from disturbance	Vegetative organs	Weed somewhere	Naturalize in Australia	Invasive in North America	Weed in some part of Europe	Number of studies
Sonchus asper	Low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Sonchus oleraceus	Low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5
Taraxacum officinale	Low	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5
Stellaria media	Low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	6
Sagina procumbens	Low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	5
Chenopodium album	Low	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7
Trifolium repens	Low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7
Juncus bufonius	Low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	6
Plantago major	Low	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Poa pratensis	Low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7
Poa annua	Low	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	6
Dactylis glomerata	High	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5
Echinochloa crus-galli	Low	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5
Lolium perenne	High	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	5

Note: Invasive in North America if in the invasive species list or noxious weed law in North America [59]; Weed in some part of Europe if in The European Alien Species Database of the Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE) database [52 ]; Naturalized in Australia if in the list of introduced flora of Australia [11]; Weed according to Randall [48]. Shade tolerance and extent of distribution was obtained from the list of 400 international environmental weeds [43], PlantNET [50] and the United States Department of Agriculture [49].