Table 3. Factor loadings for 27-item Barrier to Insulin Questionnaire.

	Rotated Factor loading (N = 247)
Item #	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	Factor 5	Factor 6	Factor 7	Factor 8	Factor 9	Factor 10
1. Lack of updated information about DM	0.075	0.701	0.035	–0.352	–0.176	0.177	0.052	–0.084	0.267	–0.021
2. Low trust to physician	0.118	0.137	0.095	–0.040	0.006	–0.110	0.815	0.064	–0.159	0.104
3. Wish to trying Traditional Chinese Medicine	0.224	–0.003	–0.080	–0.101	0.030	–0.153	0.012	0.092	0.812	–0.004
4. Wish to try lifestyle (diet control and exercise) or other alternative medicine	–0.165	–0.143	0.008	0.098	0.099	0.302	0.669	0.008	0.322	–0.077
5. Feelings of drug dependence	0.156	0.198	–0.026	0.008	0.234	0.042	0.048	0.689	0.051	0.020
6. Insulin will worsen disease severity	0.081	–0.011	0.073	–0.170	0.715	0.149	–0.011	0.202	0.093	0.132
7. Do not agree that his/her disease is severe	–0.151	0.145	0.178	–0.019	–0.117	0.156	0.063	0.356	0.161	0.605
8. Do not believe insulin can help control blood glucose and prevent complications	–0.010	0.539	–0.124	0.319	–0.251	0.115	0.058	0.086	–0.126	0.076
9.Pills work better than insulin	0.018	–0.145	0.124	–0.157	0.540	0.146	0.270	–0.018	–0.379	–0.265
10. Means failure of the diabetes treatment	0.051	–0.128	0.136	0.344	0.442	0.387	–0.125	0.029	0.150	–0.037
11. Fear of hypoglycemia	0.205	–0.138	0.093	–0.043	0.141	0.731	0.009	0.217	–0.022	0.044
12. Fear of weight gain	0.209	0.117	–0.040	–0.059	0.099	0.734	0.064	–0.157	–0.227	0.043
13. Pain	0.001	0.022	0.648	0.059	0.290	0.357	0.098	–0.248	0.129	0.043
14. Cannot manage skill of injection	–0.125	0.593	–0.141	0.388	–0.105	–0.088	–0.008	–0.128	0.098	0.226
15. Inconvenience	0.187	–0.171	0.348	0.083	0.476	0.048	0.299	–0.121	–0.089	–0.146
16. Afraid of injection	0.180	–0.088	0.826	–0.161	0.074	–0.033	0.142	–0.071	–0.017	0.036
17. Afraid of blood glucose monitoring	0.101	–0.146	0.673	–0.034	0.025	–0.037	–0.104	0.230	–0.158	–0.105
18. Complication of injection (skin mark & others)	0.385	–0.150	0.344	–0.311	–0.100	0.315	0.150	0.026	0.042	0.031
19. Financial cost	0.149	0.064	–0.128	0.065	0.073	–0.010	0.009	–0.128	–0.081	0.825
20. Time (for regular dose of insulin)	–0.099	0.065	–0.046	0.754	–0.101	0.067	0.098	0.162	–0.130	0.077
21. Affect social life or hobbies	0.394	0.086	–0.004	–0.265	0.421	0.038	–0.032	–0.517	–0.128	0.048
22.Worry other people will know his/her problem	0.816	0.054	0.087	–0.141	0.014	0.097	–0.084	0.058	0.105	0.071
23.Feeling injection is embarrassing, afraid of being seen	0.860	0.027	0.150	–0.050	–0.021	0.141	0.037	–0.068	0.037	–0.057
24. Feels like drug addict	0.736	–0.098	0.048	–0.026	0.229	0.107	0.066	0.083	0.064	0.040
25. Lack of family support	–0.136	0.260	–0.089	0.723	–0.024	–0.138	–0.061	–0.102	0.048	–0.032
26.Lack of social support	–0.008	0.696	–0.117	0.100	–0.042	–0.154	0.035	0.196	–0.147	0.043
27.Can't pay close attention to my diet as insulin treatment requires	0.006	0.616	–0.036	0.179	0.379	–0.072	–0.103	0.097	0.035	0.032
											Total
Eigenvalue	4.606	2.613	2.100	1.494	1.378	1.271	1.233	1.119	1.059	1.007	17.87
% of variance	0.171	0.097	0.078	0.055	0.051	0.047	0.046	0.041	0.039	0.037	0.662

Note:

Factors were extracted by exploratory factor (principal component) analysis with varimax rotation.

The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure was 0.725.