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. 2013 Nov 13;8(11):e79539. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079539

Table 1. Mean 2D:4D and Dr–l values in individuals with unproblematic vs. at-risk/addicted video gaming behavior.

unproblematic (n = 27) at-risk/addicted (n = 27)
mean ± SD min – max mean ± SD min – max
2D:4D mean 0.979±0.024 0.939 – 1.029 0.966±0.024 0.929 – 1.009
2D:4D right 0.977±0.025 0.928 – 1.030 0.967±0.018 0.942 – 1.011
2D:4D left 0.982±0.025 0.926 – 1.034 0.966±0.020 0.918 – 1.017
Dr–l –0.0051±0.0157 –0.0354 – 0.0302 0.0012±0.0142 –0.0165 – 0.0358
CSAS 26.2±4.3 18 – 33 40.5±5.3 35 – 51
Age (years) 19.1±1.2 18 – 21 18.6±0.9 18 – 21
Level of Education
n n
Higher educational level (Abitur or higher) 14 10
Secondary schooling (Realschule) 12 12
Lower secondary schooling (Hauptschule) 1 4
No graduation 0 1

Dr–l =  right 2D:4D – left 2D:4D.