Table 1. Characteristics of the study sample according to duration of full breastfeeding in infancy, DONALD Study (n = 125 women, 108 men)a.
| Women | Men | |||||||
| Duration of full breastfeeding | Duration of full breastfeeding | |||||||
| Variable | Never (≤2 weeks) | Short (3–17 weeks) | Long (>17 weeks) | pb | Never (≤2 weeks) | Short (3–17 weeks) | Long (>17 weeks) | pb |
| n (%) | 39 (31.2) | 48 (38.4) | 38 (30.4) | - | 38 (35.2) | 44 (40.7) | 26 (24.1) | - |
| Early life | ||||||||
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.5 (3.2; 3.8) | 3.3 (3.0; 3.7) | 3.5 (3.1; 3.8) | 0.3 | 3.4 (3.3; 3.8) | 3.6 (3.3; 4.0) | 3.5 (3.1; 3.8) | 0.3 |
| n (%) Birth weight ≥3,500 g | 18 (46.2) | 18 (37.5) | 19 (50.0) | 0.5 | 16 (42.1) | 26 (59.1) | 13 (50.0) | 0.3 |
| Birth length (cm) | 51 (50; 53) | 51 (50; 52) | 52 (50; 53) | 0.3 | 52 (50; 53) | 53 (51; 54) | 52 (51; 53) | 0.1 |
| n (%) AGAc | 24 (61.5) | 40 (83.3) | 30 (79.0) | 0.05 | 29 (76.3) | 36 (81.8) | 21 (80.8) | 0.8 |
| n (%) Gestational age 39–40 weeks | 23 (59.0) | 34 (70.8) | 24 (63.2) | 0.6 | 25 (65.8) | 25 (56.8) | 15 (57.7) | 0.9 |
| n (%) Pregnancy weight gain >15 kg | 8 (20.5) | 12 (25.0) | 8 (21.1) | 0.9 | 5 (13.2) | 10 (22.7) | 7 (26.9) | 0.4 |
| n (%) Firstborn | 29 (74.4) | 30 (62.5) | 21 (56.8) | 0.3 | 23 (60.5) | 28 (63.6) | 12 (46.2) | 0.3 |
| Maternal age at birth (years) | 29 (27; 34) | 29 (27; 32) | 30 (28; 33) | 0.6 | 29 (26; 32) | 30 (28; 32) | 30 (28; 35) | 0.2 |
| Young adulthood | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 24.1 (18.2; 26.8) | 21.6 (18.1; 24.7) | 21.6 (18.3; 24.0) | 0.3 | 23.2 (21.1; 28.1) | 21.2 (18.1; 23.0) | 21.7 (18.0; 22.7) | 0.01 |
| n (%) Overweight | 14 (35.9) | 6 (12.5) | 4 (10.5) | 0.01 | 16 (42.1) | 10 (22.7) | 8 (30.8) | 0.2 |
| Family characteristics | ||||||||
| n (%) Smoking in the household | 16 (41.0) | 17 (35.4) | 10 (26.3) | 0.4 | 15 (39.5) | 17 (38.6) | 11 (42.3) | 0.95 |
| n (%) Maternal overweight | 15 (38.5) | 15 (31.3) | 5 (13.2) | 0.04 | 15 (39.5) | 11 (25.0) | 6 (23.1) | 0.3 |
| n (%) Mother ≥12 years schooling | 14 (35.9) | 25 (52.2) | 20 (52.6) | 0.2 | 14 (36.8) | 22 (50.0) | 14 (53.9) | 0.3 |
| n (%) Father University degree | 15 (38.5) | 27 (56.3) | 22 (57.9) | 0.2 | 15 (39.5) | 19 (43.2) | 13 (50.0) | 0.7 |
a
Data are frequencies (%) or medians (25th percentile; 75th percentile). Abbreviations used: DONALD, Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed; AGA, appropriate-for-gestational age. Missing values: n = 1 for firstborn status.
b
Test for differences between breastfeeding groups based on the Chisquare-test for categorical and the Kruskal Wallis-Test for continuous variables.
c
According to [34].