Table 1.
Baseline demographic, tobacco-related, and psychosocial characteristics of sample by study condition.
| Characteristic | Enhanced Traditional Care Control Condition n= 23 (%) |
Enhanced Traditional Care+ Navigation n=24 (%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and health characteristics | |||
| Mean age, years (SD) | 46.8 (11.3) | 42.9 (11.5) | 0.25 |
| Gender, female | 43.5 | 58.3 | 0.31 |
| Race | |||
| White | 36.4 | 29.2 | 0.60 |
| Non-White | 63.6 | 70.8 | |
| Hispanic | 13.0 | 25.0 | 0.30 |
| Household income ≤ $10,000 | 42.1 | 30.4 | 0.43 |
| Unemployed | 82.6 | 73.9 | 0.47 |
| Less than high school graduate | 17.4 | 20.8 | 0.76 |
| Married/living with a partner | 21.7 | 29.2 | 0.56 |
| In fair or poor health | 52.2 | 29.2 | 0.11 |
| Smoking characteristics | |||
| Time frame in mind for quitting | 69.6 | 62.5 | 0.61 |
| Stage of change regarding | |||
| Smoking cessation | |||
| Preparation | 68.8 | 53.3 | 0.38 |
| Contemplation | 18.7 | 26.7 | 0.60 |
| Precontemplation | 12.5 | 20.0 | 0.57 |
| Mean cigarettes/day, (SD) | 13.7 (5.4) | 11.8 (6.4) | 0.27 |
| Years smoked, (SD) | 30.6 (12.2) | 24.4 (9.4) | 0.06 |
| Mean age at initiation, years (SD) | 15.6 (5.0) | 14.9 (3.7) | 0.59 |
| Mean Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence score (SD) | 4.9 (2.0) | 3.9 (2.4) | 0.13 |
| Quit attempt in past year | 56.5 | 54.2 | 0.87 |
| Mean confidence to quit (1–10), (SD) | 5.0 (2.3) | 5.6 (2.3) | 0.39 |
| Utilization of treatment/attitudes about treatment | |||
| Asked primary care provider (PCP) about ways to quit | 69.6 | 62.5 | 0.61 |
| PCP advised to quit | 78.3 | 70.8 | 0.56 |
| Felt very supported/supported to quit by PCP | 52.2 | 45.8 | 0.66 |
| Felt very supported/supported to quit by loved ones | 52.4 | 50.0 | 0.87 |
| Felt very supported/supported to quit by neither loved ones nor PCP | 23.8 | 20.8 | 0.81 |
| Heard of quit line | 43.5 | 54.2 | 0.46 |
| Aware of local programs to quit | 73.9 | 62.5 | 0.40 |
| Concerned about side effects to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) | 43.5 | 79.2 | 0.01 |
| Suspicious of NRT | 47.8 | 50.0 | 0.88 |
| Concerned about dependence on NRT | 59.1 | 54.5 | 0.76 |
| Don’t need NRT to quit | 30.4 | 50.0 | 0.18 |
| Psychosocial characteristics | |||
| Mean Perceived Stress Scale (0–16) score, (SD) | 8.0 (3.2) | 7.0 (3.9) | 0.33 |
| Mean Hassles index (0–9), (SD) | 4.5 (2.5) | 3.8 (3.1) | 0.38 |
| Mean Chaos Scale (6–30), (SD) | 18.8 (4.5) | 16.5 (6.3) | 0.16 |
| Smoking falls near top of the list of things participants think or worry about | 43.5 | 37.5 | 0.68 |