Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by Diabetes Categories. Data are means (standard deviation) or proportions
| No Diabetes n=2680 | Diabetes n=184 | p-value Χ2 or ANOVA | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Years) | 78.60 (3.63) | 77.31 (3.77) | <0.01 |
| Caucasian (%) | 90.6 | 67.9 | <0.01 |
| Education ≥ High School (%) | 41.6 | 35.9 | 0.13 |
| Smoking (%)† | 4.1 | 4.1 | 0.98 |
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 26.99 (4.73) | 29.80 (5.48) | <0.01 |
| Usual walk speed (m/s) | 0.96 (0.18) | 0.90 (0.18) | <0.01 |
| Rapid walk speed (m/s) | 1.24 (0.25) | 1.15 (0.25) | <0.01 |
| Grip strength (Kg) | 17.89 (4.17) | 18.46 (4.82) | 0.08 |
| Walking exercise (%)‡ | 46.1 | 41.8 | 0.26 |
| Good/Excellent self-rated health (%) | 86.6 | 77.2 | <0.01 |
| Depression (%) | 5.8 | 3.8* | 0.27 |
| Osteoarthritis (%) | 18.7* | 16.9 | 0.54 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%) | 7.7* | 8.7 | 0.62 |
| Hypertension (%) | 34.0 | 53.8 | <0.01 |
| Myocardial Infarction (%) | 2.7 | 6.0 | 0.01 |
| Congestive heart failure (%) | 3.6 | 6.0 | 0.10 |
| Angina (%) | 6.9 | 8.2 | 0.52 |
| Statin Use (%) | 10.4 | 15.2 | 0.04 |
| Estrogen Use (%) | 22.9 | 13.6 | <0.01 |
| Steroid Use (%) | 2.1 | 3.8 | 0.11 |
*
Missing for 1 participant
†
Missing for 159 participants with no diabetes and 37 participants with diabetes
‡
Missing for 5 participants with no diabetes and 2 participants with diabetes