TABLE 2.
SIX- AND TWELVE-MONTH PATIENT OUTCOMES*
| 6 Months (n = 163) | 12 Months (n = 149) | Difference (95% CI)† | P Value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical outcomes |
|
|
|
|
| 6-min-walk distance, % predicted |
64 (22) |
66 (25) |
4 (1, 7) |
0.011 |
| 4-m timed walk speed, m/s |
0.98 (0.32) |
1.02 (0.29) |
0.04 (0, 0.08) |
0.051 |
| Manual Muscle Test score |
55.5 (4.6) |
56.0 (4.6) |
0.7 (0.2, 1.3) |
0.011 |
| Manual Muscle Test score < 48, no. (%) |
10 (7) |
6 (4) |
−3 (–7, 2) |
0.220 |
| Hand grip strength, % predicted |
76 (27) |
84 (27) |
8 (5, 11) |
<0.001 |
| Maximal inspiratory pressure, % predicted |
88 (31) |
98 (32) |
8 (4, 13) |
<0.001 |
| FEV1, % predicted |
77 (19) |
78 (19) |
1 (–1, 3) |
0.323 |
| FVC, % predicted |
78 (19) |
81 (19) |
2 (0, 4) |
0.016 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 |
29.5 (7.7) |
29.5 (8.1) |
0.7 (0.2, 1.1) |
0.004 |
| Arm fat area, % |
39.9 (11.3) |
39.3 (11.8) |
−0.3 (–1.7, 1.0) |
0.648 |
| Arm muscle area, % |
50.0 (9.8) |
50.6 (10.4) |
0.6 (–0.7, 1.9) |
0.396 |
| Cognitive outcomes |
|
|
|
|
| Cognitive impairment, no. (%) |
58 (36) |
37 (25) |
−11 (–18, –5) |
0.001 |
| COWA |
31 (12) |
33 (13) |
2 (1, 4) |
<0.001 |
| COWA, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
51 (32) |
36 (24) |
−8 (–15, –2) |
0.015 |
| Digit Span |
10.0 (2.9) |
10.0 (3.2) |
−0.2 (–0.5, 0.1) |
0.282 |
| Digit Span, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
8 (5) |
10 (7) |
1 (–3, 5) |
0.538 |
| Hayling Sentence Completion |
4.9 (1.8) |
5.3 (1.7) |
0.5 (0.3, 0.7) |
<0.001 |
| Hayling, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
39 (24) |
21 (14) |
−11 (–17, –5) |
<0.001 |
| Logical Memory I |
8.8 (3.1) |
9.6 (3.4) |
0.8 (0.4, 1.3) |
<0.001 |
| Logical Memory I, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
28 (17) |
22 (15) |
−2 (–8, 3) |
0.428 |
| Logical Memory II |
8.4 (2.9) |
9.2 (3.1) |
0.9 (0.5, 1.2) |
<0.001 |
| Logical Memory II, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
26 (16) |
17 (12) |
−3 (–9, 2) |
0.218 |
| Similarities |
9.6 (3.6) |
10.1 (3.4) |
0.6 (0.2, 0.9) |
0.002 |
| Similarities, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) | 25 (15) | 15 (10) | −5 (–9, 0) | 0.039 |
Definition of abbreviations: 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; COWA = Controlled Oral Word Association; MRC = Medical Research Council.
Mean values (SD) are presented unless otherwise indicated. Number of unknown or missing data for assessments performed at 6 and 12 months, respectively, are as follows: 6-minute-walk, 23 and 19; 4-m walk speed, 21 and 19; Manual Muscle Test score, 15 and 12; hand grip strength, 16 and 12; maximal inspiratory pressure, 23 and 20; FEV1, 24 and 22; FVC, 24 and 22; body mass index, 51 and 46; arm fat area, 26 and 15; and arm muscle area, 26 and 15. For all cognitive assessments no more than two assessments were missed in each group for each test.
Calculations from linear or binomial (identity link) regression models based on generalizing estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation structure (43) and an indicator for time (12- vs. 6-mo follow-up). “Difference” represents the difference between 12 and 6 months in mean score for continuous measures or in proportion for binary measures.