TABLE 3.
TWELVE-MONTH RESULTS BY TREATMENT GROUP*
| Trophic Feeding (n = 75) | Full Feeding (n = 74) | Treatment Effect (95% CI)† | P Value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical outcomes |
|
|
|
|
| 6-min-walk distance, % predicted |
63 (25) |
70 (24) |
−6 (–14, 2) |
0.136 |
| 4-m timed walk speed, m/s |
0.98 (0.29) |
1.08 (0.29) |
−0.07 (–0.16, 0.02) |
0.125 |
| Manual Muscle Test score |
55.9 (4.0) |
56.2 (5.2) |
−0.1 (–1.6, 1.4) |
0.901 |
| Manual Muscle Test score < 48, no. (%) |
3 (4) |
3 (5) |
0.84 (0.16, 4.39) |
0.833 |
| Hand grip strength, % predicted |
82 (27) |
85 (26) |
−3 (–12, 5) |
0.462 |
| Maximal inspiratory pressure, % predicted |
97 (33) |
99 (31) |
−4 (–15, 6) |
0.421 |
| FEV1, % predicted |
77 (19) |
80 (19) |
−2 (–9, 4) |
0.424 |
| FVC, % predicted |
78 (18) |
83 (19) |
−4 (–10, 1) |
0.144 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 |
29.5 (7.2) |
29.6 (9.1) |
0.0 (–2.9, 2.8) |
0.985 |
| Arm fat area, % |
38.9 (12.1) |
39.7 (11.5) |
−1.2 (–4.9, 2.6) |
0.550 |
| Arm muscle area, % |
50.8 (10.7) |
50.4 (10.0) |
0.7 (–2.7, 4) |
0.703 |
| Cognitive outcomes |
|
|
|
|
| Cognitive impairment, no. (%) |
22 (29) |
15 (20) |
1.45 (0.71, 3) |
0.311 |
| COWA |
32 (13) |
34 (13) |
−2 (–6, 2) |
0.431 |
| COWA, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
18 (24) |
18 (24) |
0.93 (0.44, 1.95) |
0.843 |
| Digit Span |
9.8 (3.2) |
9.9 (3.1) |
0.1 (–0.8, 1.1) |
0.800 |
| Digit Span, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
6 (8) |
4 (5) |
1.57 (0.41, 6.06) |
0.512 |
| Hayling Sentence Completion |
5.5 (1.6) |
5.2 (1.8) |
0.4 (–0.1, 1.0) |
0.119 |
| Hayling, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
7 (10) |
14 (19) |
0.38 (0.14, 1.03) |
0.058 |
| Logical Memory I |
9.3 (3.4) |
9.9 (3.4) |
−0.5 (–1.5, 0.6) |
0.379 |
| Logical Memory I, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
13 (18) |
9 (12) |
1.58 (0.65, 3.85) |
0.316 |
| Logical Memory II |
9.0 (3.0) |
9.4 (3.2) |
−0.4 (–1.4, 0.6) |
0.443 |
| Logical Memory II, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) |
10 (14) |
7 (10) |
1.49 (0.56, 3.92) |
0.423 |
| Similarities |
9.8 (3.3) |
10.5 (3.4) |
−0.2 (–1.3, 0.8) |
0.648 |
| Similarities, ≤1.5 SDs, no. (%) | 8 (11) | 7 (10) | 1.02 (0.36, 2.83) | 0.976 |
Definition of abbreviations: 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; COWA = Controlled Oral Word Association; FVC = forced vital capacity.
Mean values (SD) are presented unless otherwise indicated. Number of unknown or missing data for assessments performed at 12 months, by trophic and full feeding groups, respectively: 6-min-walk distance, 14 and 5; 4-m timed walk speed, 12 and 7; manual muscle test, 9 and 3; hand grip strength, 10 and 2; maximal inspiratory pressure, 11 and 9; FEV1, 13 and 9; FVC, 13 and 9; body mass index, 26 and 20; arm fat area, 10 and 5; arm muscle area, 10 and 5. For all cognitive assessments no more than one assessment was missed in each group for each test.
Calculated from linear or logistic regression models based on generalizing estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation structure (43) and an indicator for treatment (initial trophic vs. full feeding group), time (12- vs. 6-mo follow-up), and the interaction of treatment group and time. The treatment effect represents the mean difference in score for continuous measures and the odds ratio for binary measures.