Figure 3.

The influence of item-specific similarity on memory. Encoding–retrieval similarity at the level of individual items predicted memory success above and beyond set-level similarity in the middle occipital, middle temporal, and supramarginal gyri, evidence by the interaction of memory and match. The spatial localization of these effects was ascertained by splitting these ROIs into subregions (A), among which the maximal interaction was observed in the left anterior-dorsal subregion of middle occipital gyrus (B). Finally, mean ROI retrieval activation and encoding–retrieval similarity independently predicted across-trial variation in memory success, demonstrating a lack of redundancy among these measures (C). Error bars denote standard error of the mean. D, distance; rem, remembered; forg, forgotten; mid, middle.