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. 2013 Oct 30;7:110. doi: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-110

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Copyright © 2013 Husi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Immunohistochemistry and pathway analysis of AKI modulated pathways along the RAAS/glutamatergic axes. (A) Molecules of interest found and/or predicted to be differentially expressed based on the proteomics data and subsequent pathway analysis, were verified by immunohistochemistry of kidney tissue. (B) These proteins were delineated into specific signalling cascade involving the angiotensin to p38kinase downstream signalling and NMDA-R1 (Grin1) pathway. All six molecules tested (highlighted in red) showed an up-regulation as measured by mass spectrometry experimentation in AKI samples and potentially validates the proposed signalling cascade. Original magnification of immunohistochemical microscopy is ×20 (MSK and hRas control ×40 in order to observe the intense nuclear staining of kidney epithelial cells), black bars in the panels are 10 or 20 micron as indicated.