. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 14.

Published in final edited form as: Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Mar 30;31(2):10.1055/s-0030-1249120. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1249120

Table 1.

Epidemiology of Community Respiratory Viral Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients²

Virus	Incidence	Clinical Features	Diagnosis
Respiratory syncytial virus	5–10% of LTRs Mortality 10–15%	URTI, LRTI, BOS (50%), Acute rejection	NP aspirate/BAL
			Culture+
			EIA+
			FA++
			RT-PCR+++
Influenza A/B	3–4% of LTRs	URTI, LRTI, Bacterial super-infection, BOS (50%), Acute rejection (60–75%), Prolonged shedding	NP aspirate/BAL
			Culture+
			EIA++
			FA++
			RT-PCR+++
Parainfluenza viruses	2–10% of LTRs	URTI, LRTI, BOS (60%), Acute rejection	NP aspirate/BAL
			Culture+
			EIA++
			FA++
			RT-PCR+++
Metapneumovirus	4–5% of LTRs	LRTI, BOS (<10%)	NP aspirate/BAL
			Culture+
			EIA:NA
			FA++
			RT-PCR+++
Rhinoviruses	14% of LTRs	URTI, LRTI, Persistent infection with graft dysfunction	NP aspirate/BAL
			Culture: poor sensitivity
			EIA++
			FA++
			RT-PCR+++

BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; BOS, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; FA, fluorescent antibody; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; LTR, lung transplant recipients; NP, nucleoprotein; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT, reverse transcription; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.

Listed are incidence, clinical features, and diagnostic assays for common respiratory viral infections.