. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Kidney Dis. 2012 Jul 10;61(1):10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.06.004. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.06.004

Table 1.

Model inputs: probabilities, rates, quality of life, and costs

Variable	Base-Case Value^*	Base-Case References	Distribution Type	Other references

Probabilities and Rates
Sensitivity TST	0.90 (0.88–1.00)	^{5, 58}	logit	^{6, 31, 46, 47, 51,}

Specificity TST	0.68 (0.52–0.84)	^{5, 46}	logit	^{55, 58–62}

Sensitivity questionnaire	0.46	³⁴	-	⁶³

Specificity questionnaire	0.94

Sensitivity IGRA	0.90 (0.77–0.99)	^{3, 5, 31, 47, 53, 58}	logit	^{46, 55, 59, 64}

Specificity IGRA	0.97 (0.90–1.00)

IGRA indeterminate	0.03 (0.02–0.05)	³¹	logit	^{3, 21, 53}

Prevalence of LTBI	0.011 (0.005–0.024)	⁴²	logit	^{52, 65–67}

RR of LTBI reactivation while on steroids	7.7 (2.8–21.4)	²⁵	log normal	^{8–10, 68}

Probability of death from TB on steroids	0.01	estimated	-	^{11, 31, 68}

INH effectiveness	75%	¹³	-	^{6, 7, 13, 31, 47, 50, 52, 69–71}

INH hepatitis	0.004 (0.001–0.010)	⁶	beta	³¹

Death from INH hepatitis	0.00002	^{6, 27}

Probability of death from active NS	0.007	⁷²	-	^{16, 17, 73}

Probability of active TB on initial presentation	0.00001	⁷⁴

Discount rate (per y)	3%

Utilities
Well	1.0		-

Latent TB	0.997	^{31, 75, 76}	-	³⁰

Active TB	0.68 (0.65–0.72)	^{26, 30}	logit	³¹

NS	0.90	⁷⁷	-

INH hepatitis x 1 mo	0.85	³¹	-	⁵²

Death	0.0		-

Costs (2010 United States $)
TST	39.64	³⁶	-	^{31, 47, 51, 66, 78–80}
Test	6.88
Nurse Interpretation	3.50
Travel time/lost work	29.26

Questionnaire	1.62	⁵¹	-

IGRA	84.56	³⁶		⁴⁵

LTBI	772.29	^{6, 36, 37}	-	^{13, 31, 47, 51, 52, 66, 78, 80}
Level 4 visit	98.70
Chest x-ray (2 views)	30.45
Level 3 visit x 8	312.64
9 mo of INH	67.16
Parent lost time x 9	263.34

Active TB	60,000.00	³¹	-	^{18, 31, 35, 47, 50–52, 66, 78, 80, 81}

INH hepatitis x 1 mo	539.74	^{31, 36, 37}	-
Level 4 visit x 2	197.40
Liver function tests x 2	17.78
Parent lost time x 2	58.52
6 mo of rifampin	266.04

Death (TB, hepatic failure, or NS)	100,000.00	estimated³¹	-
NS onset	420.48	^{36, 78, 82}	-
Level 3 visit x 3	117.24
Steroids x 6 mo	215.46
Parent lost time x 3	87.78

NS relapse	140.16	^{36, 78, 82}	-
Level 3 visit x 1	39.08
Steroids x 1 mo	71.82
Parent lost time x 1	29.26

Values in parentheses are 95% confidence interval or clinically plausible range.

Abbreviations: TB, tuberculosis; LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; IGRA, interferon-γ release assay; NS, nephrotic syndrome; INH, isoniazid; TST, tuberculin skin testing; RR, relative risk;