Expression of MOPs and KOPs in the kidney of sickle mice. (a and b) RT–PCR analysis showing increased expression of MOP and KOP in BERK kidneys when compared with HbA-BERK. (c) Immunofluorescent staining of kidney sections showing MOP- and KOP-specific, green and red fluorescence, and 4′, 6-Diamidino-2-phenyl indole-positive blue nuclei, respectively. Each column shows the respective co-staining in the same field of view. The first column shows strong immunoreactivity (ir) of MOP and KOP on the large vessels in HbA-BERK mice kidney. Glomerular and epithelial regions of the HbA-BERK kidney do not show appreciable MOP-ir or KOP-ir (yellow arrows, middle column). BERK kidneys exhibit strong MOP-ir and KOP-ir in glomerular and epithelial cells (yellow arrows). n=5, 7, and 6 for HbA-BERK, hBERK1, and BERK, respectively. bv, blood vessels.