Table 1.

Cell functions in the post-MI left ventricle (LV) [20, 30, 33, 144–152].

Cell type	Functions
Neutrophils	▪produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors ▪release proteolytic enzymes, including MMPs-8 and -9 ▪mediate tissue damage ▪produce TIMP-1
Macrophages	▪phagocytose necrotic myocytes and apoptotic neutrophils ▪produce cytokines and growth factors ▪secrete angiogenic molecules ▪produce TIMPs ▪trigger myofibroblast differentiation and activation
Fibroblasts	▪produce extracellular matrix, including interstitial collagens, necessary for scar formation ▪contract the LV infarct zone ▪produce MMPs, cytokines, growth factors ▪produce TIMPs