Table 1. Odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for epilepsy.
| Variable | No. | PWEa | Controlsa | OR | 95%CI | P | aORb | 95%CI | P |
| Age (years) | 266 | 23 (10–65) | 40 (15–73) | 0.92 | 0.90–0.94 | <0.0001 | 0.90 | 0.87–0.94 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 140 | 55.8 (120/215) | 39.2 (20/51) | 1 | |||||
| Female | 126 | 44.2 (95/215) | 60.8 (31/51) | 0.51 | 0.26–0.99 | 0.03 | 0.27 | 0.10–0.73 | 0.009 |
| Location of recruitment | |||||||||
| Butare, university hospital | 66 | 20.0 (43/215) | 45.1 (23/51) | 1 | |||||
| Kabutare, district hospital | 100 | 40.5 (87/215) | 25.5 (13/51) | 3.58 | 1.55–8.34 | 0.0008 | 1.98 | 0.67–5.91 | 0.22 |
| Gikonko, health center | 100 | 39.5 (85/215) | 29.4 (15/51) | 3.03 | 1.35–6.85 | 0.003 | 6.10 | 1.54–24.18 | 0.01 |
| Residence, district | |||||||||
| Gisagara | 103 | 39.1 (84/215) | 37.3 (19/51) | 1 | |||||
| Huye | 119 | 47.0 (101/215) | 35.3 (18/51) | 1.27 | 0.59–2.72 | 0.51 | 2.00 | 0.59–6.72 | 0.26 |
| Nyamagabe | 3 | 0.9 (2/215) | 2.0 (1/51) | 0.45 | 0.02–28.1 | 0.52 | 0.12 | 0.00–3.44 | 0.22 |
| Nyanza | 18 | 7.0 (15/215) | 5.9 (3/51) | 1.13 | 0.28–6.69 | 1.0 | 1.36 | 0.16–11.79 | 0.78 |
| Nyaruguru | 13 | 4.2 (9/215) | 7.8 (4/51) | 0.51 | 0.13–2.52 | 0.29 | 1.24 | 0.16–9.53 | 0.83 |
| Others | 10 | 1.9 (4/215) | 11.8 (6/51) | 0.15 | 0.03–0.72 | 0.008 | 0.18 | 0.03–1.32 | 0.09 |
| Residence at current location since (%)c | |||||||||
| Since birth | 230 | 88.3 (189/214) | 80.4 (41/51) | 1 | |||||
| >10 yearsd | 13 | 2.8 (6/214) | 13.7 (7/51) | 0.19 | 0.05–0.69 | 0.005 | 0.27 | 0.06–1.30 | 0.10 |
| 2–10 yearsd | 15 | 6.1 (13/214) | 3.9 (2/51) | 1.41 | 0.30–13.3 | 1.0 | 1.25 | 0.21–7.51 | 0.81 |
| <2 yearsd | 7 | 2.8 (6/214) | 2.0 (1/51) | 1.30 | 0.15–61.3 | 1.0 | 0.88 | 0.04–20.19 | 0.94 |
| Family history of epilepsy (%) | |||||||||
| None | 200 | 72.1 (155/215) | 88.2 (45/51) | 1 | |||||
| First degree relative(s) | 32 | 14.0 (30/215) | 3.9 (2/51) | 4.35 | 1.03–38.9 | 0.03 | 9.31 | 1.12–77.13 | 0.04 |
| Other relative(s) | 34 | 14.0 (30/215) | 7.8 (4/51) | 2.18 | 0.71–8.93 | 0.15 | 14.11 | 2.04–97.57 | 0.007 |
| Cysticercosis immunoblote | |||||||||
| Negative | 213 | 78.2 (165/211) | 96.0 (48/50) | 1 | |||||
| Positive | 48 | 21.8 (46/211) | 4.0 (2/50) | 6.69 | 1.63–58.67 | 0.003 | 26.98f | 3.79–192.12 | 0.001 |
a
, data are medians (range) for age and proportions (%, n/n) among PWE and controls, respectively;
b
, adjusted odds ratios originate from a logistic regression model including all shown variables, n = 260, correlation coefficient R2 = 0.44;
c
, data for one person with epilepsy missing;
d
, born elsewhere;
e
, data for four PWE and one control missing;
f
, removing the variable “Residence, district” from the model would lead to an aOR of 30.96 (95%CI, 4.52–212.22) for the cycticercosis immunoblot; removing the variable “Residence at current location since”, the aOR would change to 32.39 (95%CI, 4.48–234.15); removing both, the aOR would turn 36.05 (95%CI, 5.16–252.06).